solaniعامل ساق زخم توتون، از عوامل بیماری‌زای گیاهی با اهمیت است که در تمام نقاط دنیا پراکنده بوده و موجب خسارت محصول در کشورهای تولید کننده توتون میشود. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی فعالیت ضد قارچی عصاره‌های گیاهی بر روی عامل ساق زخم توتون و انتخاب حلال مناسب برای عصاره‌گیری می باشد. در این تحقیق عصاره‌های نه گونه گیاهی (نعناع گربهای، توتون، آویشن کوهی، رازیانه، پونه کوهی، زوفا، بادرنجبویه، بادرنجبویه پرپر و مریم گلی) با استفاده از حلال‌های آب، استون، هگزان، اتانل و متانول استخراج و فعالیت ضد قارچی آنها با غلظتهای 0، 1000 و 2000 پیپیام به روش طعمه مسموم در شرایط آزمایشگاه روی این قارچ بررسی شد. نتایج حاصل از بررسی خاصیت ضد قارچی غلظتهای مختلف عصاره‌ها نشان داد که گیاهان نعناع گربهای، توتون، آویشن کوهی، رازیانه، زوفا و بادرنجبویه پرپر اثر بازدارندگی خوبی بر قارچ مورد بررسی در این مطالعه دارند. بیشترین تاثیر بازدارندگی مربوط به عصاره استخراجی با حلال متانول بود. حداقل غلظت بازدارندگی عصاره متانولی توتون، نعناع گربهای، آویشن کوهی، رازیانه، بادرنجبویه پرپر و زوفا بر قارچ بیماری‌زای مورد بررسی 5/1، 5/1، 2، 3، 3 و 5/2 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر بود. بنابراین به نظر می رسد بتوان در کنترل بیماری ساق زخم توتون از ترکیبات طبیعی این گیاهان، به ویژه نعناع گربهای، توتون و آویشن کوهی استفاده نمود.
Antifungal activity of nine plant extracts on tobacco Sore Shin disease (Rhizoctonia solani)
نویسندگان [English]
Sayed Afshin Sajjadi؛ Gholam Reza Moradi؛ Hoda Assemi؛ Farhad Naghizadeh؛ Faramarz Rostami؛ Mohammad Akbarzadeh؛ Mohammad Reza Najafi؛ Zeinolabedin Shahadatimoghaddam
چکیده [English]
Tobacco Sore Shin disease, Rhizoctonia solani is one of the important agent with worldwide and causes yield losses in tobacco growing countries. This research has conducted with two targets, thestudy of antifungal activity of plant extracts on this pathogen and screened the best solvent to extract. In this study, crude extracts of 9 plant species including: Catmint (Nepeta Cataria), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), thyme (Thymus pubescens) , Fennel (Foeniculum vulgar), Nepeta (Mentha pulegium) , hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), Blam (Melissa angustifolious), Salvia (Salvia verticilata) and Badrashbi (Dracocephalumkotschyi) by using solvents, water, acetone , hexane, ethanol , and methanol were obtained. Antifungal activity of this compound, were tested using poisoned food method with concenterations of 0.1000 and 2000 ppm invitro landifious. Results indicated that crude extracts of Tobacco, Catmint, Thyme, Fennel, Hyssop and badrashbi have remarkable antifungal activity. Methanol was the best solvent to extract these compounds. Minimum inhibitory concentration of methanol extract of Tobacco, Catmint, Thyme, Fennel, badrashbi, and Hyssop were equal to 1.5, 1.5, 2, 3, 3, and 2.5 mg/ml, respectively when on this fungal pathogens. Therefore, it is likely possible to use plant extracts of these plants, especially N. cataria, N. tabacum and T. pubescens, for the control of tobacco sore shine disease.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
plant extracts, Rhizoctonia solani, tobacco
مراجع
Abad, L. R., Dۥ Urzo, M. P., Liu, D., Narasimban, M. L. Reuveni, M., Zhu, J. K. Niu, X., Singh, N. K. Hasegawa, P. M., & Bressan, R. A. 1996. Antifungal activity of tobacco osmotin has specificity and involves plasma membrane permeabilization. Plant Science. 118. 11-23.
Abdolmaleki, M., Salari, M., Bahraminejad, S., Abbasi, S., Panjehkeh, N.. 2008. Antifungal activity of cinnamon (Cinnamum zelanicum) crude extracts against some phytopathologenic fungi. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 44 (3) 255-261.
Abdolmaleki, M., Bahraminejad, S., Salari, M., Abbasi, S., Panjehkeh, N. 2011. Study of antifungal effect Mentha piperita L. on plant pathogen fungi. Medical Plants, 38: 26-34.
Abdolmaleki, M., Bahraminejad, S., Abbasi, S. 2011. Study of antifungal effects of some of plant extracts for four plant pathogen fungi. Medical Plants, 38: 148-155.
Abdulaziz, A., Al-Askar, Y., Rashad, M. 2010. Efficacy of some plant extracts against Rhizoctoniasolani on Pea. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 50 (3). 239-243
Adams, R. P. 1995. Identififcation of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy. Allured Publishing. Carol stream.
Alam, A., Tripathi, A., Vats, S., Behera, K. K. & Sharma, V. 2011. In vitro antifungal efficacies of aqueous extract of Dumortierahirsuta (Swaegr.) Nees against sporulation and growth of postharvest phytopathogenic fungi. Archive for Bryology, 103: 1-9.
Al-Rahman, N., Mostafa, A. & Abdel-Megeed, A. 2011. Antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities of some plant extracts. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5(11). 1342-1348
Azadbakht M. 1999. Taxonomy of Medical Plants. InstitutepublicationsTeymorzadeh, Iran (In Persian).
Bahraminejad, S., Abbasi, S. & Fazlali, M. 2011. In vitro antifungal activity of 63 Iranian plant species against three different plant pathogenic fungi. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10. 72. 16193-16201
Dissanayake, M. L. M. C. & Kumari, W. K. M. T. 2012. Efficacy of various plant extracts to control Fusarium wilt of Polyscias balfouriana variety Marginata, Asian Journal Experimental Biological Science, 3 (1): 129-135.
Foroughi, M., Mohammadi, S., Ghasemi, A. 2013. Antifungal activity of five medical herbs on the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Journal of Microbial World, 5 (3): 115-121.
Gupta, S. K. & Tripathi, S, C. 2011. Fungitoxic activity of Solanum torvum against Fusarium sacchari. Plant Protection Science, 47. 3. 83-91
Hasanzadeh N. 2005 Technological implication of natural products in plant diseases management with special emphasis on fireblight. Agriculture Science, 1: 53-68.
Huang, J. W. 1994. Control of chinese leek rust with a plant nutrient formulation. Plant Pathology, 3: 9-17.
Joseph, B., Ahmad Dar, M. & Kumar, V. 2008. Bioefficacy of plant extracts to Control Fusarium solani f. sp.melongenaeincitant of Brinjal Wilt. Global Journal of Biotechnology, 3(2): 56-59.
Lucas, G. B. 1975. Disease of Tobacco, 3rd edition, Biological Consulting Associates, Releight, North Carolina.
Mahboubi, M., Feizabadi, M. M., Haghi, K. & Hossini, H. 2007. Antimicrobial activity and chemical metabolites' of essential oil from Oliveria decumbens Vent. Iranian Journal of Medical and Aromatic Plants ,24(1): 56-65 (In Persian).
Obongoya, B. O., Wagai, S. O. & Odhiambo, G. 2010. Phytotoxic effect of selected crude plant extracts on soil-borne fungi of common bean. African Crop Science Journal, 18(1). 15-22.
Sajjadi A. & Hosseininejad A, Assemi, H. 2012. Determination of damage of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on some of tobacco commercial cultivar. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 80 (1) 13-22.
Sajjadi, A. & Assemi, H. 2012. Identification of pathogenic soilborne fungi of tobacco in Golestan province fields. Applied Plant Protection, 1 (3). 233-248.
Suleiman, M. N. 2011. Antifungal properties of leaf extract of neem and tobacco on three fungal pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill). Advances in Applied Science Research, 2011, 2 (4): 217-220
Yanar, Y., Gokce, A., Kadioglu, I., Cam, H. & Whalon, M. 2011. In vitro antifungal evaluation of various plant extracts against early blight disease (Alternaria solani) of potato. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10. 42. 8291-8295
Yahya-abadi, S., Zeabanejad, E., Doudi, M. 2011. Effect of plant extracts on growth of Aspergillus fungi. Journal of Herbal Drugs, 2 (1): 69-81.
ابتدای صفحه