solaniعامل ساق زخم توتون، از عوامل بیماری‌زای گیاهی با اهمیت است که در تمام نقاط دنیا پراکنده بوده و موجب خسارت محصول در کشورهای تولید کننده توتون میشود. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی فعالیت ضد قارچی عصاره‌های گیاهی بر روی عامل ساق زخم توتون و انتخاب حلال مناسب برای عصاره‌گیری می باشد. در این تحقیق عصاره‌های نه گونه گیاهی (نعناع گربهای، توتون، آویشن کوهی، رازیانه، پونه کوهی، زوفا، بادرنجبویه، بادرنجبویه پرپر و مریم گلی) با استفاده از حلال‌های آب، استون، هگزان، اتانل و متانول استخراج و فعالیت ضد قارچی آنها با غلظتهای 0، 1000 و 2000 پیپیام به روش طعمه مسموم در شرایط آزمایشگاه روی این قارچ بررسی شد. نتایج حاصل از بررسی خاصیت ضد قارچی غلظتهای مختلف عصاره‌ها نشان داد که گیاهان نعناع گربهای، توتون، آویشن کوهی، رازیانه، زوفا و بادرنجبویه پرپر اثر بازدارندگی خوبی بر قارچ مورد بررسی در این مطالعه دارند. بیشترین تاثیر بازدارندگی مربوط به عصاره استخراجی با حلال متانول بود. حداقل غلظت بازدارندگی عصاره متانولی توتون، نعناع گربهای، آویشن کوهی، رازیانه، بادرنجبویه پرپر و زوفا بر قارچ بیماری‌زای مورد بررسی 5/1، 5/1، 2، 3، 3 و 5/2 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر بود. بنابراین به نظر می رسد بتوان در کنترل بیماری ساق زخم توتون از ترکیبات طبیعی این گیاهان، به ویژه نعناع گربهای، توتون و آویشن کوهی استفاده نمود.
Antifungal activity of nine plant extracts on tobacco Sore Shin disease (Rhizoctonia solani)
نویسندگان [English]
Sayed Afshin Sajjadi؛ Gholam Reza Moradi؛ Hoda Assemi؛ Farhad Naghizadeh؛ Faramarz Rostami؛ Mohammad Akbarzadeh؛ Mohammad Reza Najafi؛ Zeinolabedin Shahadatimoghaddam
چکیده [English]
Tobacco Sore Shin disease, Rhizoctonia solani is one of the important agent with worldwide and causes yield losses in tobacco growing countries. This research has conducted with two targets, thestudy of antifungal activity of plant extracts on this pathogen and screened the best solvent to extract. In this study, crude extracts of 9 plant species including: Catmint (Nepeta Cataria), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), thyme (Thymus pubescens) , Fennel (Foeniculum vulgar), Nepeta (Mentha pulegium) , hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), Blam (Melissa angustifolious), Salvia (Salvia verticilata) and Badrashbi (Dracocephalumkotschyi) by using solvents, water, acetone , hexane, ethanol , and methanol were obtained. Antifungal activity of this compound, were tested using poisoned food method with concenterations of 0.1000 and 2000 ppm invitro landifious. Results indicated that crude extracts of Tobacco, Catmint, Thyme, Fennel, Hyssop and badrashbi have remarkable antifungal activity. Methanol was the best solvent to extract these compounds. Minimum inhibitory concentration of methanol extract of Tobacco, Catmint, Thyme, Fennel, badrashbi, and Hyssop were equal to 1.5, 1.5, 2, 3, 3, and 2.5 mg/ml, respectively when on this fungal pathogens. Therefore, it is likely possible to use plant extracts of these plants, especially N. cataria, N. tabacum and T. pubescens, for the control of tobacco sore shine disease.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
plant Extracts, Rhizoctonia solani, tobacco
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