پسیل پسته (Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer) یکی از مهم ترین آفات درختان پسته ایران است. امروزه از مدلهای روز- درجه به عنوان یکی از ابزارهای مهم در مدیریت آفات در پیش بینی وضعیت آفات استفاده می شود. مجموع گرمای مؤثر بالاتر از آستانه پایین رشد (oC96/9) و آستانه بالای رشد (oC5/32) برای درصدهای مختلف پورگی پسیل پسته طی سال های 1386 و 1387 محاسبه شد. مجموع گرمای مؤثر از اول بهمن سال های 1385 و 1386 به عنوان نقطه بیولوژیک ثابت تا 75 درصد پورگی نسل اول، 510 روز- درجه محاسبه شد. برای سایر نسل ها 75 درصد پورگی نسل قبل به عنوان نقطه بیولوژیک ثابت انتخاب و مجموع گرمای مؤثر برای درصدهای مختلف پورگی نسلهای بعد محاسبه شد. مجموع گرمای مؤثر لازم برای 75 درصد پورگی نسل دوم، سوم، چهارم، پنجم و ششم از 75 درصد پورگی نسل قبل به ترتیب 339، 333، 313، 389 و 337 روز- درجه محاسبه شد. متوسط مجموع گرمای مؤثر از زمان 75 درصد پورگی هر نسل تا 75 درصد پورگی نسل بعدی 13/28±342 روز- درجه محاسبه شد. با استفاده از مجموع گرمای مؤثر به دست آمده می توان زمان مناسب مبارزه با هریک از نسل های پسیل پسته را تعیین نمود.
Thermal requirements of immature stages of pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in natural conditions of Rafsanjan, Iran
نویسندگان [English]
Mohammad Reza Hassani؛ Ghadir Nouri ghanbalani؛ Hamzeh Izadi؛ Mehdi Basirat
چکیده [English]
The pistachio psylla, Agonoscenapistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer, is a major pest of pistachio trees throughout pistachio producing regions in Iran. Nowadays, degree-day models are considered as one of the most important tools in integrated pest management and forecasting of pest status. The cumulative effective temperatures were calculated for different percentages of nymph based on the lower development threshold of 9.96oC and upper development threshold of 32.5oC and different biofix during years 2007 and 2008 under field conditions. The cumulative effective temperatures form 21 January to 75 percentage of nymphs for first generation was calculated 510 DD. To calculate the cumulative effective temperatures for generations 2 to 6, 75% of nymph of last generation was selected as biofix. The cumulative effective temperature for generations 2 to 6 based on 75 percentage of last generation was calculated 339, 333, 313, 389 and 337 DD respectively. The mean cumulative effective temperature from 75 percentages of nymphs of each generation to next generation was calculated 342±28.13 degree-day. By using degree-day model, we can determine the suitable control time of pistachio psylla.
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